R04 Verification A — Citation identity (all DOIs, both reports)

Date: 2026-09-06 · Method: every DOI string extracted from both raw inputs (52 unique after normalization), resolved via the Crossref REST API (api.crossref.org/works/{doi}); dataset DOI via DataCite; failed tuples re-searched via Crossref bibliographic query. [G] = cited by ChatGPT, [M] = cited by Gemini, [GM] = both. {S-nnn} = already registered in SOURCE_LIBRARY (12 of 52).

A1. Verified — DOI resolves to the cited bibliographic object

DOI	Crossref object	Cited by
10.1371/journal.pwat.0000515	Dillis, Baruch, Grantham 2026 · Contextualizing cannabis water demand… · PLOS Water 5:e0000515	G
10.1371/journal.pone.0120016 {S-008}	Bauer et al. 2015 · Impacts of Surface Water Diversions… · PLOS ONE 10:e0120016	GM
10.1038/s41893-021-00691-w {S-131}	Summers, Sproul, Quinn 2021 · Nature Sustainability 4:644–650	GM
10.1021/acsagscitech.4c00054 {S-003}	Desaulniers Brousseau et al. 2024 · Environmental Impact of Outdoor Cannabis Production · ACS AST 4:690–699	GM
10.1016/j.resconrec.2024.107737	Desaulniers Brousseau et al. 2024 · Greener green · RCR 208:107737 (= S-004 by title/venue; DOI to be added to S-004)	GM
10.1016/j.enpol.2012.03.023 {S-006}	Mills 2012 · The carbon footprint of indoor Cannabis production · Energy Policy 46:58–67 (title correction to S-006, see critique §5)	GM
10.1016/j.oneear.2025.101179 {S-133}	Mills 2025 · One Earth 8:101179	GM
10.1080/19397038.2026.2619296	Das, Li, Baik, Tabil 2026 · Environmental footprint of cannabis production: LCA-driven evaluation of pretreatment and drying · Int J Sustainable Engineering 19	G
10.3390/agronomy15102400	Kalkušová et al. 2025 · Rethinking Efficiency… · Agronomy 15:2400	G
10.1016/j.stae.2022.100033	Chaiyat, Klancoowat 2023 · Sustainable Technology and Entrepreneurship 2:100033	G
10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108525	Griggs, Roulier 2025 · LCAs of residual hemp biomass from CBD production · RCR 223:108525 (discovery only)	G
10.1016/j.biteb.2025.102252	Díaz, Dávila 2025 · Cannabis oil extraction… · Bioresource Technology Reports 31:102252 (discovery only)	G
10.1038/s44264-025-00091-z	Mills 2025 · The emergence of indoor agriculture as a driver of global energy demand · npj Sustainable Agriculture 3 (= S-021; completed)	G
10.3390/ma16227208	Rivas-Aybar, John, Biswas 2023 · Materials 16:7208	G
10.1093/biosci/biv083	Carah et al. 2015 · High Time for Conservation · BioScience 65:822–829	GM
10.3733/ca.2019a0011	Dillis, Grantham, McIntee, McFadin, Grady 2019 · Watering the Emerald Triangle · Cal Ag 73:146–153 (Gemini’s author list wrong)	GM
10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110955	Dillis, McIntee et al. 2020 · Water storage and irrigation practices… · J Env Mgmt 272:110955	GM
10.1088/2515-7620/acb6d5 {S-160}	Dillis, Butsic et al. 2023 · Water demands of permitted and unpermitted… · ERC 5:025005	G
10.5061/dryad.k3j9kd5q4	DataCite: “Data from: Contextualizing cannabis water demand…” Dryad 2026 (not a Crossref DOI — correct registry)	G
10.1186/s42238-025-00325-4	Denton et al. 2025 · Water use and productivity of Cannabis sativa L., KwaZulu-Natal · J Cannabis Res 7	G
10.1186/s42238-025-00302-x	Büser, Hartung, Graeff-Hönninger 2025 · Subsurface drip irrigation… · J Cannabis Res 7	G
10.3389/fpls.2026.1930650	Crispim Massuela et al. 2026 · Less water, same buds · Front Plant Sci 17	G
10.1088/1748-9326/11/4/044023	Butsic, Brenner 2016 · ERL 11:044023	GM
10.1002/fee.1634	Wang, Brenner, Butsic 2017 · Cannabis, an emerging agricultural crop, leads to deforestation and fragmentation · Front Ecol Environ 15:495–501 (resolves ChatGPT’s self-flagged partial)	GM
10.1016/j.drugpo.2026.105412	Dillis, Polson 2026 · Patterns and correlates of unlicensed cannabis cultivation… · IJDP 155:105412	G
10.1371/journal.pone.0040163 {S-158}	Gabriel et al. 2012 · PLoS ONE 7:e40163	GM
10.1371/journal.pone.0140640 {S-158}	Gabriel et al. 2015 · PLOS ONE 10:e0140640	GM
10.1371/journal.pone.0256273 {S-159}	Wengert et al. 2021 · PLOS ONE 16:e0256273	GM
10.1093/ornithapp/duab036	Hofstadter, Kryshak et al. 2021 · Ornithological Applications 123	G
10.51492/cfwj.cannabissi.5	Parker-Shames, Xu et al. 2020 · California Fish and Wildlife Journal 106 (pagination still partial)	G
10.60102/stacks-24003	Parker-Shames, Goldstein, Brashares 2024 · The Stacks	G
10.3389/fpls.2022.1015652	Westmoreland, Bugbee 2022 · Sustainable Cannabis Nutrition… · Front Plant Sci 13	G
10.2166/wqrj.2022.101 {S-020}	Medel, Gabriel et al. 2022 · WQRJ 57:233–246 (Gemini pages 233–248 wrong)	GM
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.180576	Black, De Parsia et al. 2025 · Sci Total Environ 1002:180576	G
10.5194/acp-19-13973-2019	Wang, Wiedinmyer et al. 2019 · ACP 19:13973–13987	G
10.1080/10962247.2022.2046206	Urso, Frazier, Heald, Khlystov 2022 · JAWMA 72:828–848	G
10.1080/10962247.2023.2175741	Urso, Vizuete et al. 2023 · JAWMA 73:321–332	G
10.5751/ace-01134-130102 {S-158}	Gabriel, Diller et al. 2018 · Avian Conservation and Ecology 13	G
10.1111/conl.12038 {S-159}	Thompson, Sweitzer et al. · Conservation Letters 7:91–102 (Crossref year 2013 online-first; print 2014)	GM
10.3733/ca.2019a0015	Wilson, Bodwitch et al. 2019 · First known survey of cannabis production practices in California · Cal Ag 73:119–127	M
10.1080/10962247.2019.1654038	Samburova, McDaniel et al. 2019 · Dominant VOCs at four Cannabis growing facilities · JAWMA 69:1267–1276 (Gemini in-text link correct; reference-list DOI wrong, see A2)	M
10.1186/s13104-018-3206-z	Franklin, Carlson et al. 2018 · Grass is not always greener · BMC Research Notes 11	M
10.3389/fpls.2023.1233232 {S-099}	Massuela, Munz et al. 2023 · Cannabis Hunger Games… · Front Plant Sci 14 (Gemini title paraphrased)	M
10.1371/journal.pone.0248988 {S-025}	Westmoreland, Kusuma, Bugbee 2021 · PLOS ONE 16:e0248988	M
10.1126/science.aaq0216	Poore, Nemecek 2018 · Science 360:987–992	M

A2. Failed — Gemini (7)

As cited	Crossref result	Resolution
Wang et al. 2019, Atmos Environ 199:80–87, DOI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.11.008	Resolves to Thang & Kim 2019, seasonal PAHs in a petrochemical city, Atmos Environ 198:398–406	Real paper exists at 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.10.049 (Crossref search). Wrong-object DOI; author list also wrong (adds Churkina, Zeng)
“Rehman et al. 2021” hemp, DOI 10.1016/j.indcrop.2021.113642	Nakasu, Ienczak 2021, sugarcane bagasse post-washing, Ind Crops Prod 169:113642	Wrong-object DOI; real tuple not supplied
“S-021, npj Sustainable Agriculture 2025,” DOI 10.1038/s44167-025-00045-8	404	Nonexistent DOI; real: 10.1038/s44264-025-00091-z (Mills 2025)
Cuypers, Bonneure, Tytgat 2017, FSI 277:219–224, DOI 10.1016/j.forsciint.2017.06.005	Resolves to El-Sharkawy, Elbasuney 2017, laser photoacoustic explosives detection, FSI 277:215–222	Real paper: Cuypers, Vanhove et al. 2017, FSI 277:59–65, 10.1016/j.forsciint.2017.05.016. Wrong DOI, wrong pages, wrong second author
Vandecasteele et al. 2024, “Reusing growing media: Impact on physical properties, microbial activity, and strawberry yield,” Waste Management 188:102–114, DOI 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.09.028	DOI = “The repeatability of reusing peat as horticultural substrate…” Waste Management 190:296–305 (S-110)	Fabricated title/volume/pages on a real DOI; Crossref search finds no paper with the cited title
Samburova et al. 2019 (reference list), DOI 10.1088/10962247.2019.1654038	404 (IOP prefix on a T&F article number)	Metadata error; correct DOI used in text
Zipper et al. 2019, “Continuous watershed modeling reveals impacts of agricultural groundwater extraction on stream baseflows,” ERL 14(9):094002, DOI 10.1088/1748-9326/ab31c5	404; bibliographic search returns no such title	Not located; withdraw or supply resolving tuple

A3. Partial — both

ChatGPT (self-flagged): L2 title (now resolved), L8 pagination (still conflicting), W10 PG&E report tuple (first-party summary only), Thompson online-first year.
Gemini: Dillis 2019 author list; Massuela 2023 title; Medel pages; Butsic “68 watersheds” (60; the 68% is road distance); Mills 2012 title (inherited corpus error, shared with S-006).

A4. Non-DOI sources spot-checked

DCC-2025-01-R rulemaking page: approved and filed April 28, 2026; effective July 1, 2026; deletes electricity reporting with renewal, carbon-offset purchase, and pest-management-plan submission — verified (ChatGPT G2/K23).
ETCC CR22PGE0101-1 project page: two Sacramento facilities, 2022–24; HVAC ~45% of facility energy; 70% of water use transpired to condensate; 17.8 M gal/yr statewide reuse potential — verified (ChatGPT W10/Q13; Gemini’s 80% not present).
DPR ENF 24-19 (Dec 18, 2024) “List of Products Legal to Use on Cannabis”: criteria = active ingredients exempt from residue tolerance and either exempt from registration or label-non-conflicting; 25(b) products excluded from the list — verified; Gemini’s “zero synthetic” gloss not supported.
4 CCR §17223 (LII): (b)(1) on-premises composting; (b)(2) organic-waste collection; (b)(3) landfill/compost/digestion/transfer/chip-and-grind/recycling; (b)(4) reintroduction via tilling or no-till — verified; Gemini’s landfill-mandate reading refuted.

Source file in the research repository: research/reports/R04-environmental-footprint/verification/R04-verify-A-identity.md. Private links, some names and practitioner-record passages are removed from the public copy, and broken character encoding from file conversion is repaired; nothing else is changed.