Organic, Regenerative & Sustainable Agriculture
What do organic, regenerative and sustainable agriculture actually mean, and what does the evidence show about their yields, soils, climate effects and economics?
Background music
Your browser paused the music on this page. Press play, or click anywhere, to carry on.
Sound effects
Hear every sound →All free to use: public domain or Creative Commons with credit.
Research · Cultivation
How cannabis is grown and what it costs the plant, the grower and the environment: organic and regenerative farming, where the world’s crop comes from, legal and illicit production, footprint, indoor versus outdoor, fertility and root-zone systems. Each round ends in a claim ledger and a signed synthesis; the raw passes from both researchers sit beside them.
What do organic, regenerative and sustainable agriculture actually mean, and what does the evidence show about their yields, soils, climate effects and economics?
Where in the world is cannabis grown, under which systems and at what scale, and which of the circulating figures can actually be supported?
How much cannabis is produced outside legal systems, how is that measured, and which estimates survive a reconstruction of their sources?
What are the environmental impacts of cannabis cultivation across water, land, chemicals, air and waste, and which comparisons are valid given different boundaries and units?
How do indoor, greenhouse/light-deprivation and outdoor sun-grown cannabis compare on energy, carbon, water, quality and cost, and how confident can anyone be about the differences?
Do organic and synthetic/mineral fertility regimes differ in cannabis yield, chemistry, quality and safety once the actual nutrient chemistry, rate and delivery are held in view?
How do soil, coco/coir and hydroponic root-zone systems compare for cannabis once each system is described by its measured properties and delivery architecture rather than its label?
Can living-soil and no-till methods work indoors for cannabis, and what does the evidence say about yield, biology, inputs and multi-cycle reuse?