| 1 |
Caplan 2017b DOI 10.21273/HORTSCI12248-17; cultivar ‘OG Kush × Grizzly’; yield plateau |
Ref: “Caplan, D., Dixon, M., & Zheng, Y. (2017b)… 52(12), 1796–1803. DOI: 10.21273/HORTSCI12401-17”. Table B/C010 boundary: “‘WP:Med (Wappa)’; 6.0 L coir; 2015–2016”. C010: “…up to 212–261 mg N/L in one coir-based substrate and up to the maximum tested rate of 283 mg N/L in another”. |
Crossref: 12401-17 = Caplan, Dixon, Zheng 2017 HortScience 52(12):1796–1803 (flowering). Cultivar and rate wording now match critique. But Table B row for Caplan 2017b still reads “Optimal rate: 212–261 mg N/L (U2-HP) and 283 mg N/L (U2). Yield plateaued; THCA% diluted with yield” — the “plateaued” wording the critique rejected survives in the table. |
PARTIAL-ACCEPT — tuple and claim text fixed; table cell “Yield plateaued” not corrected. |
| 2 |
“terpene profiles governed by genetics… rather than fertilizer source (Bernstein et al., 2019)”; Bernstein 2019 tuple garbled |
Ref: “Bernstein, N., Gorelick, J., & Koch, S. (2019). Impact of N, P, K, and humic acid supplementation… Front. Plant Sci. 10, 736. DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00736 … (examined mineral feeding and humics; no organic treatment arm and no terpene quantification)”. M1 evidence now: “terpene profiles are governed by genetics, temperature, and harvest maturity rather than fertilizer source (Saloner & Bernstein, 2021)”. |
Crossref: DOI OK, but real author list is Bernstein, Gorelick, Zerahia, Koch (report omits Zerahia). The withdrawn sentence was NOT withdrawn — it was re-attributed to Saloner & Bernstein 2021, whose title is “Nitrogen supply affects cannabinoid and terpenoid profile”; that paper shows N rate changes terpenoid concentrations, i.e. it contradicts “rather than fertilizer source”. D2 also newly says “no categorical terpene difference between organic and mineral feeding at equivalent nutrition (Saloner & Bernstein, 2021)” — that study had no organic arm. |
PARTIAL-ACCEPT — tuple fixed (minor author omission); the sentence was re-attributed to a source that does not support it (new error, §3). |
| 3 |
“Jiao et al. (2012), JSFA 92(13):2666–2676, 10.1002/jsfa.5686” |
C018 and Section M: “Jiao, Grant, & Bailey (2004), J. Sci. Food Agric. 84(8):777–785 … DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.1648”. |
Crossref: resolves to Jiao, Grant, Bailey 2004, JSFA 84(8):777–785. Residual: Section H evidence table still cites “Jiao (2012); Angelova (2004)” for the heavy-metal row. |
PARTIAL-ACCEPT — tuple fixed in claim and bibliography; “Jiao (2012)” survives in the H-table. |
| 4 |
Jones 2005 DOI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2004.07.037; “90–95% consumed within 1–6 h” |
C015 and Section M: “Jones, D. L., Shannon, D., Junvee-Fortune, T., & Farrar, J. F. (2005)… Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 37(3)… DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2004.07.021”. |
Crossref: resolves to the real 3-page paper (issue is 37(1), not 37(3)). C015 no longer carries the 90–95% figure, but Section C still asserts “soil microbes consume >90% to 95% of free amino acids within 1–6 hours in non-sterile media (Jones et al., 2005)”. Europe PMC abstract of Jones 2005 says only that microbial capture “was very rapid” — no 90–95% or 1–6 h figure. |
PARTIAL-ACCEPT — DOI fixed; unverified quantitative attribution still in Section C; issue number wrong. |
| 5 |
Raven & Loeppert DOI …0033x |
“Raven, K. P., & Loeppert, R. H. (1997). Trace element composition of fertilizers and soil amendments. J. Environ. Qual. 26(2), 551–557. DOI: 10.2134/jeq1997.00472425002600020028x”. |
Crossref: exact match. |
ACCEPT |
| 6 |
“Zheng et al. (2021)” / Zheng, Frizzone & Bugbee 2021 as C013 co-anchor |
Tuple removed; C013 line: “RETIRED per critique §2b-7 (co-anchored on nonexistent paper; arithmetic incorrect…)”. |
grep: “Frizzone” 0 hits; “Zheng et al. (2021)” 0 hits; only Bevan/Caplan Zheng tuples remain. |
ACCEPT |
| 7 |
Alden & Faust DOI 10.21273/HORTSCI1818-25 |
“Alden, M. J., & Faust, J. E. (2025)… HortScience, 60(10), 1818–1825. DOI: 10.21273/HORTSCI18752-25”. |
Crossref: Alden & Faust 2025, HortScience 60(10):1818–1825. |
ACCEPT |
| 8 |
Punja 2021 venue/DOI wrong (10.1080/07060661.2021.1935947) |
“Punja, Z. K. (2021). Emerging diseases of Cannabis sativa and sustainable management. Pest Management Science, 77(9), 3857–3870. DOI: 10.1002/ps.6307”. |
Crossref: exact match. |
ACCEPT |
| 9 |
Baker 1981 DOI 10.1016/0360-1285(81)90008-0 |
“DOI: 10.1016/0360-1285(81)90008-3” (three places). |
Crossref: 90008-3 = Baker 1981, Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. 7(2):135–153; 90008-0 returns 404. |
ACCEPT |
| 10 |
Tegeder & Rentsch title “Uptake and partitioning of amino acids—key to the calculation of plant nitrogen-use efficiency?” |
Section M unchanged: “Tegeder, M., & Rentsch, D. (2010). Uptake and partitioning of amino acids—key to the calculation of plant nitrogen-use efficiency? Molecular Plant, 3(6), 997–1011. DOI: 10.1093/mp/ssq047”. |
Crossref title: “Uptake and Partitioning of Amino Acids and Peptides”. Journal/vol/pages/DOI were already right; the only requested change (title) was not made. |
REJECT — title not corrected. |
| 11 |
“Caplan, D., Stemeroff, J., Dixon, M., & Zheng, Y. (2017a)” |
“Caplan, D., Dixon, M., & Zheng, Y. (2017a)” (Section I and Section M). |
Crossref author list: Caplan, Dixon, Zheng. |
ACCEPT |
| 12 |
Ahmad, Hadi & Ali 2017 IJAAR 10(3):1–11 with innspub link, presented as resolving |
C018: “[Ahmad, Hadi, & Ali (2017), Int. J. Agron. Agric. Res. 10(3):1–11 (partial citation)]”; Section M: “…10(3), 1–11. (partial citation — journal does not assign DOIs)”. |
Marked partial in both places; innspub link removed. Identity still unverified by me (no resolver available); the honest flag is what the critique asked for. |
ACCEPT (as honestly-flagged partial) |
| 13 |
McKernan 2016 title “Metagenomic analysis of medicinal Cannabis cultures; counterfeit and contaminated”; authors “McKernan, K., Helbert, Y., Kane, L. T., Ebling, H., Zhang, L., & Spangler, J.” |
Section M: “McKernan, K., Helbert, Y., Kane, L. T., Ebling, H., Zhang, L., & Spangler, J. (2016). Metagenomic analysis of medicinal Cannabis cultures; counterfeit and contaminated seeds and flower. F1000Research, 5, 2471. DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.9662.1”. |
Crossref for 10.12688/f1000research.9662.1: title “Metagenomic analysis of medicinal Cannabis samples; pathogenic bacteria, toxigenic fungi, and beneficial microbes grow in culture-based yeast and mold tests”; authors McKernan, Spangler, Helbert, Lynch, Devitt-Lee, Zhang, Orphe, Warner, Foss, Hudalla, Silva. Gemini was given the real title verbatim and instead extended its invented title with “seeds and flower”; “Kane” and “Ebling” are not authors of this paper. |
REJECT — new fabrication inside the correction round (title lengthened rather than replaced; fabricated authors retained). |
| 14 |
C003: “at 160 mg/L total N… root necrosis… pH <4.5” |
C003: “In soilless medical cannabis at 200 mg/L total N, pure nitrate fertigation… supplying 50% of nitrogen as ammonium (NH4+) induced visual toxicity, root injury, and cut inflorescence yield by 46%, while 100% ammonium was lethal.” Boundary: “Equal Total Applied N (200 mg/L N)… pH 5.8”. |
PMC9198551 M&M: “final uniform level of 200 mg L−1 N in all treatments” — 200 confirmed. “pH <4.5” gone. But Results: “the development of the roots, which demonstrated optimal development under 0–50% NH4, and severe damage under 100% NH4”; the 50% NH4 injury was foliar (“the leaves became necrotic and wilted”). “Root injury” at 50% is therefore the same unsupported claim with one word swapped. 46% and lethality stand. |
PARTIAL-ACCEPT — N level and pH fixed; “root injury” at 50% NH4 contradicted by the paper (new wording, same error). |
| 15 |
M3: “In large outdoor living soil beds with aged biological reserves, organic systems can deliver comparable biomass (Caplan et al., 2017b).” |
M3 now: “Whether living soil beds with aged biological reserves match mineral yields over multi-cycle production remains unverified in controlled peer-reviewed trials.” Verdict changed to “OVERGENERALIZED AS A CATEGORY CLAIM; SUPPORTED AS A SINGLE-PROGRAM OBSERVATION.” |
Sentence removed; “outdoor” now appears only in M10 (per-area footprint), not attributed to Caplan. |
ACCEPT |
| 16 |
C005 boundary “7.6 L coir/peat” |
C005: “…fertigation in deep-water culture…”; boundary: “Indoor grow room; deep-water culture (DWC) hydroponics; high-THC cultivar; 2019–2020”. Table B: “Deep-water culture (DWC) hydroponics”. |
“7.6 L” 0 hits. Matches verify-A’s read of Bevan 2021. |
ACCEPT |
| 17 |
C007: “double-blind consumer panel (n=36) rated 0-day… smoothest and 14-day… harshest”; “no significant differences in… mineral content” |
C007: “…no significant decrease in flower dry weight, total THC, terpenes, or inflorescence macronutrients (while Fe and Zn concentrations increased), and a blind panel found no difference in flavor or burn, with 36% rating 0-day unflushed flower as smoothest vs. 19.4% for 14-day flushed.” Boundary: “‘Cherry Diesel’ (n=48)”. |
Rx Green page (fetched): “industry experts for a blind taste test”; “Thirty-six percent of testers rated the smoke from the zero-day flush flower as smooth, whereas only 19.4% rated the 14-day flush flower as smooth”; “the duration of the flushing period had no impact on the flavor, smoothness of smoke, or color of ash”; “Iron was at least 50 ppm higher in flower flushed for 14 or 10 days”; “Each flushing period was tested on 12 different Cherry Diesel plants divided into four… groups” → 4×12 = 48 plants (n=48 is plant count, not panel size; page never states panel size). “double-blind” 0 hits. |
ACCEPT — 19.4% and 36% verified verbatim; n=48 is supportable as plant count. Minor: “smoothest” should read “smooth” (a category share, not a ranking). |
| 18 |
C011 as cannabis evidence; M2 “REFUTED BY COMBUSTION SCIENCE AND TISSUE CHEMISTRY” |
C011 tagged [hybrid]; boundary: “Smoldering combustion (500–850°C); cured biomass (N. tabacum, general biomass); per g biomass; General combustion mechanism…”. M2 verdict: “UNSUPPORTED IN CANNABIS; CONTRADICTED BY TISSUE CHEMISTRY AND GENERAL COMBUSTION SCIENCE.” H-table row: “Adjacent / Chemistry — Extensive (Tobacco/Biomass) — Garner (1907); Baker (1981)”. |
Boundary honestly generalised; Baker DOI now resolves (item 9). Garner 1907 USDA Bull. 105 still unretrieved. Verdict was to become UNSUPPORTED; it reads “UNSUPPORTED IN CANNABIS; CONTRADICTED…”, which keeps a refutation clause the critique removed. |
PARTIAL-ACCEPT — scope/label fixed; verdict half-downgraded. |
| 19 |
C012/C018: “5–150 mg/kg” Cd, “TF 0.3–0.8”, “primary vector of batch failures”, EDTA mobilises Pb into cannabis foliage |
C012 rewritten to generic: “…wide background concentrations of trace elements including cadmium and arsenic… require input batch testing. [Raven & Loeppert (1997)…; CFIA (2024)]”. C018 rewritten to generic chelate chemistry with Ahmad (partial) + Jiao 2004. |
Claims fixed. Residuals elsewhere (normalised grep): Section A table “Heavy background Cd (5–150 mg/kg), U, and Th in marine sedimentary rock phosphates”; M-claim evidence “toxic background cadmium (5–150 mg/kg), arsenic, and lead”; Table E1 “TF = 0.3–0.8 … Translocates to floral bracts; leading cause of batch failures” (the “primary vector” phrase was reworded, not withdrawn); M-claim evidence “synthetic chelates (EDTA) mobilize background soil lead into floral tissue”. None has a source. |
PARTIAL-ACCEPT — ledger claims fixed; all four withdrawn numbers/assertions survive in narrative/tables. |
| 20 |
C013 (+26.5% carbon footprint) live |
C013: “RETIRED per critique §2b-7 (co-anchored on nonexistent paper; arithmetic incorrect; principle preserved under R01-C018 and R04-C029).” |
Retirement line correct. But F3 still derives it live: “this 21% biomass reduction increases the operational electrical carbon footprint per kilogram of dried flower by approximately +26.5%: Carbon Footprint (per kg) = Fixed Operational Energy / Harvested Biomass …”, and M10 evidence still asserts “the ~21% organic yield gap (Massuela et al., 2023) elevates operational electricity emissions per kilogram by +26.5%”. Not quoted historically — asserted. |
PARTIAL-ACCEPT — ledger entry retired; the retired number is still asserted twice in the body. |
| 21 |
C015 “<1–5% of N flux” |
C015 rewritten as [absence]: “There are no published, peer-reviewed quantitative tracer studies measuring intact amino acid uptake flux in Cannabis sativa…” (no percentage). |
Claim fixed. Residuals: Section C “Direct amino acid uptake represents <1–5% of total nitrogen flux”; M4 evidence “Intact amino acid uptake represents <1–5% of nitrogen flux in non-sterile media”. Neither sourced. |
PARTIAL-ACCEPT — withdrawn from ledger, still asserted twice in body. |
| 22 |
C014 tied organic/living soil to microbial failures |
C014: “Total Yeast and Mold Count (TYMC) culture plating enumerates living non-pathogenic saprophytic fungi and environmental yeasts alongside pathogens, creating assay-dependent compliance discrepancies compared to species-specific molecular assays (qPCR).” Boundary: “culture plating vs. qPCR”. |
Claim restricted to assay dependence as requested; Punja tuple now resolves. Residual: H-table row “TYMC culture plates count non-pathogenic saprophytic molds from living soil, triggering false safety failures” still singles out living soil and says “false”. |
PARTIAL-ACCEPT — ledger claim fixed; H-table row not. |
| 23 |
Saloner & Bernstein 2020 “≥90% NO3” |
Table C rows: “Dissociated mineral salts (80/20 NO3−/NH4+)”; C004 boundary “dissociated nitrate/ammonium salts (80/2…”. |
“≥90” 0 hits; 80/20 matches critique. |
ACCEPT |
| 24 |
Massuela trial dates inferred |
Boundary of C001 unchanged: “Chemotype III CBD clone; 2022–2023”. No “conducted in 2021” sentence exists in the corrected file (“conducted” appears only as “Not conducted” in Table D1). |
PMC10547009 M&M: “An indoor experiment was performed at the University of Hohenheim (Stuttgart, Germany) between October 2021 and January 2022.” Corrected boundary date is wrong and untouched. |
REJECT — not corrected; actual dates Oct 2021–Jan 2022. |
| 25 |
C006 Stemeroff details unsupported by abstract; link pointed to Alden & Faust URL |
C006 unchanged in substance: “Pre-harvest water flushing for 11 to 14 days… did not significantly reduce tissue concentrations of total N, P, K, Ca, or Mg… nor did it alter floral dry yield or THC/CBD…” Citation now “Stemeroff (2017), M.Sc. Thesis, Univ. of Guelph; handle 10214/12125”. |
Handle resolves (sandbox fetch → atrium.lib.uoguelph.ca, title “Irrigation Management Strategies for Medical Cannabis in Controlled Environments”). No thesis page references supplied; wording not reduced to the abstract. |
PARTIAL-ACCEPT — link fixed and resolving; claim-support gap unaddressed. |
| 26 |
“CDFA-OIM conducts… forensic isotopic ratio testing” |
Unchanged: “OMRI reviews formulations based on paperwork and affidavits. CDFA-OIM conducts mandatory on-site inspections, mass-balance audits, and forensic isotopic ratio testing (14C, 15N) to detect synthetic nitrogen spiking.” No CDFA source added. |
Byte-identical to original after normalisation. |
REJECT — not corrected, not sourced. |