R08 Citation Verification — Batch B (pathology/media/economics)
CCKE PROTOCOL v1.3 — verified 2026-08-31 via Crossref API, Europe PMC, OpenAlex, Semantic Scholar, WebSearch, direct page fetch.
Summary table
| # | Citation | Identity | Claim-support | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Punja & Rodriguez 2018 (DOI …1535469) | FAILED | NO | DOI 404. Real paper: DOI 10.1080/07060661.2018.1535466, CJPP 40(4):498–513, “Fusarium and Pythium species infecting roots of hydroponically grown marijuana” — about pathogens, not suppression. Suppressive-soil/biocontrol claim matches Scott & Punja 2023, CJPP 45:238–252, DOI 10.1080/07060661.2023.2172082 |
| 2 | Punja et al. 2019 Front Plant Sci 10:1120 | VERIFIED | YES | Tuple exact (article 1120). Documents Fusarium/Pythium root disease and molds in cannabis |
| 3 | Punja et al. 2023 CJPP HpLVd | VERIFIED | PARTIAL | Real: CJPP 46:174–197 (online Nov 2023, print 2024). Paper reports 12–42% reductions in inflorescence stem length/fresh weight/height and “significantly lower” THC/terpenes — NOT 30–50% biomass / 20–50% cannabinoid as claimed |
| 4 | “Bektaş et al.” Viruses 16(1):30 | PARTIAL | NO | Paper is real but authors are Atallah, Yassin & Verchot (no Bektaş); online 2023-12-23, 2024 issue. Its headline transmission finding is SEED transmission at 58–80% and sap infectivity — not “primarily mechanical via tools and root grafting” |
| 5 | Punja et al. 2025 Plants 14(5):830 | VERIFIED | PARTIAL | Tuple exact. Abstract: 5–10% bleach (0.825% NaOCl) or 1000 ppm HOCl degraded HLVd RNA; viroid survives 4 wks in dried leaves/roots (supports root-fragment persistence). Claimed “10–20% bleach (0.5–1.0% NaOCl)”, “2% Virkon S”, and alcohol-ineffective not confirmed from abstract (concentrations differ; Virkon/alcohol may be full-text or another Punja paper) |
| 6 | Cranshaw & Wainwright-Evans 2020 JIPM (pmaa012) | FAILED | YES* | DOI pmaa012 = Kleczewski et al., tar spot of CORN. Correct: DOI 10.1093/jipm/pmaa008, “Cannabis sativa as a Host of Rice Root Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in North America”, JIPM 11(1), 2020 — *claim supported under corrected DOI |
| 7 | Bilderback et al. 2005 HortTechnology | PARTIAL | UNVERIFIABLE | Real title: “Healthy Substrates Need Physicals Too!” (cited title garbled: “…Fee”); pages 747–751, not 747–752. Abstract does not state 65–85% total porosity; ASHS/BMP literature typically cites 50–85%. Magnitude unconfirmed |
| 8 | Fonteno 1993 HortScience 28(2):81 | FAILED | UNVERIFIABLE | DOI 404; no such HortScience item found. Real Fonteno 1993: “Problems & Considerations in Determining Physical Properties of Horticultural Substrates”, Acta Horticulturae 342:197–204, DOI 10.17660/actahortic.1993.342.22. Perched-water-table physics is genuinely Fonteno’s topic, but this citation tuple appears fabricated |
| 9 | Bugbee 2002 Compost Sci Util | FAILED | NO | Cited DOI …10702068 = “Current Research Projects” (pp 90–91, no author). Correct: DOI 10.1080/1065657X.2002.10702069, CSU 10(1):92–98, “Growth of Ornamental Plants in Container Media Amended with Biosolids Compost”. Abstract contradicts claim: optimal growth at 50–100% compost; salinity caused only transient early stunting. No EC 3.5–8.0 dS/m or >30% threshold |
| 10 | Geisseler & Scow 2014 SBB 75 | VERIFIED (pages wrong) | PARTIAL | Real, but pages 54–63, not 105–115. 15.1% mean Cmic increase is the OVERALL average across 107 datasets; pH-dependence is real (positive above ~pH 5, negative below 5) but 15.1% is not conditioned on pH>5 |
| 11 | Summers et al. 2021 Nat Sustain 4:644–650 | VERIFIED | YES | Correct DOI: 10.1038/s41893-021-00691-w. Displayed DOI 10.3389/fpls.2021.657323 belongs to Shiponi & Bernstein 2021 (P supply in medical cannabis) — copy/paste contamination. Range 2,283–5,184 kg CO2e/kg dried flower verified verbatim; emissions largely electricity + natural gas for environmental controls/lights/CO2 (85–92% figure plausible, not verbatim-confirmed) |
| 12 | Desaulniers Brousseau et al. 2024 ACS AST 4(7):690–699 | VERIFIED | NO | Tuple exact. But: avg GWP ~61.8 kg CO2e/kg (H− treatment) — “60–110” upper bound unconfirmed; potting media contributed 25–38% of impact (fresh-media scenarios), NOT 65–75% as claimed |
| 13 | McKernan 2016 F1000Res + McKernan 2021 Data 6(8):80 | FAILED (both) | YES* | 10.12688/f1000research.9698.1 = 404; correct 2016 paper: 10.12688/f1000research.9662.1, F1000Research 5:2471 (“Metagenomic analysis of medicinal Cannabis samples; pathogenic bacteria, toxigenic fungi, and beneficial microbes grow in culture-based yeast and mold tests”). Data 6(8):80 (10.3390/data6080080) = machine-learning corrosion of Inconel 718 — wrong journal entirely; intended likely McKernan et al. 2021 F1000Research 10:624, DOI 10.12688/f1000research.53467.2 (media selection / CFU vs qPCR). *Claims well supported under corrected refs |
| 14 | Scheuerell & Mahaffee 2004 Phytopathology 94:1156–1163 | VERIFIED | YES | Tuple exact. Compost tea drench suppressed Pythium damping-off; efficacy varied with production method/additives |
| 15 | Rx Green Technologies flushing trial (“Stemler et al.” 2019) | PARTIAL | YES | Page exists at cited URL. Authors: Stephanie Wedryk PhD, Taylor Wall, Ryan Bennett — “Stemler” does NOT appear (fabricated author name). Design matches: 14/10/7/0-day flush on Cherry Diesel, blinded taste panel, no significant flower mineral differences (minor: N 6.7% lower at 14d; Fe/Zn shifted), panel tended to prefer 0-day flush. Non-peer-reviewed industry white paper — status noted |
| 16 | Vanhove et al. 2011 For Sci Int 212:158–163 | VERIFIED | NO | Tuple exact. But paper is a CONTROLLED full-factorial experiment (2 light intensities x 2 plant densities x 4 varieties) — not a survey of 77 commercial grows; contains no hydro-vs-soil comparison. “435 vs 315 g/m² / 1.12 vs 0.81 g/W across 77 grows” not from this paper (possibly conflated with Vanhove et al. 2012 plantation survey). Misattribution |
| 17 | Burgel et al. 2020 Horticulturae 6(4):62 | VERIFIED | NO | Tuple exact. Study compares SUBSTRATES (peat vs 30% green fibre vs coco coir), not mineral fertigation vs organic amendment; +18.4%/+24.1% figures do not appear in abstract; yields reported per plant by genotype. Claim mischaracterizes design |
| 18 | Hartz & Johnstone 2006 / Gaskell & Smith 2007 / Dion et al. 2020 | PARTIAL / VERIFIED / VERIFIED | PARTIAL | 18a: real (correct DOI form 10.21273/horttech.16.1.0039, pp 39–42); 8-wk lab incubation only: feather meal Nmin ~60% avg (56–66% across temps, all fertilizers); claimed “60–75% over 8–12 wks” overstates duration/upper range. 18b: verified; blood-meal “50–60% to NH4+ in 7–14 days” not in abstract (review paper) — UNVERIFIABLE at that precision; Hartz found 47–60% mineralized within 2 wks (all fertilizers). 18c: verified; pelleted poultry manure plateaued at 41% (mineral soil) / 63% (peat) over a 52-wk incubation — claimed “40–55% over 8–10 wks” does not match reported plateaus/timeframe |
| 19 | Angelova et al. 2004 / Linger et al. 2002 Ind Crops Prod | VERIFIED (both) | YES | Both tuples exact. Both support hemp heavy-metal accumulation/phytoremediation (Angelova: hemp second to flax in uptake; Linger: hemp on contaminated soil, phytoremediation potential) |
Verdict counts
- Identity: 10 VERIFIED, 4 PARTIAL, 5 FAILED (of 19 citations)
- Claim-support: 7 YES (2 only under corrected identity), 5 PARTIAL, 5 NO, 2 UNVERIFIABLE
Corrected tuples for FAILED identities
- Punja & Rodriguez 2018 → DOI 10.1080/07060661.2018.1535466, CJPP 40(4):498–513 (but claim belongs to Scott & Punja 2023, DOI 10.1080/07060661.2023.2172082)
- Cranshaw & Wainwright-Evans 2020 → DOI 10.1093/jipm/pmaa008, JIPM 11(1)
- Fonteno 1993 → Acta Hort 342:197–204, DOI 10.17660/actahortic.1993.342.22 (HortScience 28(2):81 tuple appears fabricated)
- Bugbee 2002 → DOI 10.1080/1065657X.2002.10702069, Compost Sci Util 10(1):92–98
- McKernan 2016 → DOI 10.12688/f1000research.9662.1 (F1000Res 5:2471); McKernan 2021 → DOI 10.12688/f1000research.53467.2 (F1000Res 10:624), NOT Data 6(8):80
- Correct DOI is 10.1038/s41893-021-00691-w (displayed Frontiers DOI belongs to Shiponi & Bernstein 2021)
Sources
- Crossref REST API (api.crossref.org), Europe PMC, OpenAlex, Semantic Scholar
- https://www.nature.com/articles/s41893-021-00691-w (via search verification)
- https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsagscitech.4c00054 (via ResearchGate/search)
- https://www.rxgreentechnologies.com/rxgt_trials/flushing-trial/ (fetched & indexed as “rxgreen-flushing-trial”)
CORRECTION ADDENDUM — 2026-09-02
Row 12 (Desaulniers Brousseau 2024) is wrong and was reversed by cross-model audit (see audits/R08-audit-2026-09-02.md). The “25–38%” figure is the paper’s metal-depletion category, not GWP. The paper reports potting media at up to ~75% of GWP — the original claim this row “corrected” was accurate. Also: the “60–110 upper bound unconfirmed” note was mistaken; the paper reports 61.8 (H−) to 110.7 (low-N) kg CO₂e/kg. Original row preserved above as a record of the error.