R08 Citation Verification — Batch C (CCKE PROTOCOL v1.3)

Verified 2026-08-31. Methods: Crossref REST API (all DOIs), Europe PMC full-text XML (items 1, 2), Semantic Scholar (items 4b, 7), WebSearch for ScienceDirect-gated abstracts (11, 12, 13), direct HTTPS fetch (item 15).

Summary table

Per-citation detail

1. Massuela et al. 2023 — Front Plant Sci 14:1233232

• IDENTITY: VERIFIED. Crossref: exact title, authors Massuela; Munz; Hartung; Nkebiwe; Graeff-Hönninger, 2023, Frontiers in Plant Science, vol 14, article 1233232. PMC10547009 is the same paper.
• CLAIM-SUPPORT: YES. Full text confirms: “an average of 19.6 g plant−1 for the organic and 23.7 g plant−1 for the mineral fertilizer treatments” (inflorescence DM, final harvest); “mineral fertilizer treatments accumulated an average of 1319 mg CBD plant−1 in comparison with 1197 mg CBD plant−1 for the organic”; indoor cultivation confirmed; attribution confirmed: “limitations in nutrient uptake due to nutrient forms in the organic fertilizer … lower acquisition and utilization efficiency for the organic fertilizer.” Organic higher CBD concentration is consistent (1197/19.6 ≈ 61 vs 1319/23.7 ≈ 56 mg/g).

2. Ahmed et al. 2023 — Front Plant Sci 14:1219836

• IDENTITY: VERIFIED. Exact tuple match in Crossref (6 authors as cited).
• CLAIM-SUPPORT: YES. Full text (PMC10502174): five cultivars, greenhouse, 3 months (90 days), 15-L pots of coconut coir + agro perlite (1:1), mycorrhizal colonization assessed by root staining, biomass higher in 3 of 5 inoculated cultivars, fertilized once a week with 50 mL full-strength Long Ashton solution.

3. Hershkowitz, Westmoreland, Bugbee 2025 — Front Plant Sci 16:1433985

• IDENTITY: VERIFIED. Exact title/authors/venue/volume/article number in Crossref.
• CLAIM-SUPPORT: YES. Abstract: P 15→90 mg/L in closed hydroponics; leaf tissue P doubled, flower P +70%; “no difference in yield or quality among treatments.”

4. Caplan, Dixon, Zheng 2017 (two papers)

• 4a flowering (10.21273/HORTSCI12401-17): IDENTITY VERIFIED (HortScience 52(12):1796–1803). CLAIM PARTIAL — abstract confirms optimal rates supplying 212–261 mg N/L in U2-HP and cannabinoid dilution at higher rates, but the specific 55.5–62.3 g/plant yield figures could not be checked against accessible text; abstract also notes highest rate (283 mg N/L) maximized yield in the U2 substrate, so “higher rates depressed yield” holds only for U2-HP.
• 4b vegetative (10.21273/HORTSCI11903-17): IDENTITY VERIFIED — real title is “Optimal Rate of Organic Fertilizer during the Vegetative-stage…”, HortScience 52(9):1307–1312. CLAIM YES: “highest yield was achieved at a rate that supplied 389 mg N/L.”

5. Nemati et al. 2021 — Agronomy 11(7):1366

• IDENTITY: VERIFIED. Authors Nemati; Fortin; Craig; Donald exactly as cited.
• CLAIM-SUPPORT: YES. Review of cannabis growing media; living soil named as a main category; discusses strengths/weaknesses and lack of grower consensus.

6. Vandecasteele et al. 2024 — Waste Management 190:296–305

• IDENTITY: VERIFIED. Exact tuple.
• CLAIM-SUPPORT: YES. Abstract: peat reused 3x for strawberry with yield similar to virgin; “deterioration in terms of physical properties was not observed”; significantly lower N, P, K, Mg, Ca retained when fertigation was ended with water.

7. Vandecasteele et al. 2020 — J Clean Prod 276:124128

• IDENTITY: VERIFIED. “et al.” resolves to Vandecasteele, Blindeman, Amery, Pieters, Ommeslag, Van Loo, De Tender, Debode.
• CLAIM-SUPPORT: YES. Abstract: steam killed plant-pathogenic fungi, vine weevil larvae, and weed seeds; reused media contained high nutrient levels so “fertilizer application … should be reduced, especially for P and K.”

8. Machado et al. 2023 — Horticulturae 9(10):1080

• IDENTITY: VERIFIED. Exact tuple, 5 authors as cited.
• CLAIM-SUPPORT: YES. “Coir-based growing media can be reused for another short-cycle crop, like lettuce, without yield loss.”

9. McGehee & Raudales 2021 — Front Agron 3:706138

• IDENTITY: VERIFIED (registered title appends “(Cannabis sativa L.)” after “Marijuana” — cosmetic difference only).
• CLAIM-SUPPORT: YES. Pythium myriotylum, Globisporangium irregulare, and Fusarium oxysporum recovered from coir and rockwool at a commercial marijuana facility; all pathogenic to hemp.

10. Carlile 2015 — Vadose Zone J 14(6)

• IDENTITY: PARTIAL. Paper is real (title/venue/year/volume/issue correct) but has THREE authors: Carlile WR, Cattivello C, Zaccheo P. Citation as “Carlile WR” alone is incomplete. Correct tuple: Carlile, Cattivello, Zaccheo. 2015. “Organic Growing Media: Constituents and Properties”. Vadose Zone Journal 14(6):1–13. DOI 10.2136/vzj2014.09.0125.
• CLAIM-SUPPORT: YES. Abstract reviews peat, coir, bark, composts, wood-derived materials and their differing chemical/physical behaviors.

11. Idbella et al. 2026 — Appl Soil Ecol 225:107192

• IDENTITY: VERIFIED. Despite the unusual “2026” DOI segment, the DOI resolves in Crossref: authors Idbella; Idbella; Saddik; Hazzoumi; Lanzotti; Bonanomi, Applied Soil Ecology 225:107192, 2026 (June 2026 issue; PII S0929139326004129). Not fabricated.
• CLAIM-SUPPORT: PARTIAL. Structured semi-quantitative review of 39 peer-reviewed studies (2010–2025) confirmed; suppression variable by pathogen (higher vs Pythium/Sclerotinia/Verticillium, lower vs Fusarium/Rhizoctonia) confirmed. The “516 crop/pathogen cases” figure and “aerated teas better on average” could not be confirmed from accessible text (abstract behind ScienceDirect).

12. DOI 10.1016/j.eti.2025.104137

• IDENTITY: VERIFIED (identified). Yin Y, Wang J, Zhao J, Cui X, Yao J, Li Z, Yuan Y. 2025. “Compost tea: Preparation, utilization mechanisms, and agricultural applications potential – A comprehensive review”. Environmental Technology & Innovation 38:104137.
• CLAIM-SUPPORT: YES. Review explicitly notes remaining uncertainties regarding production methods and application effects, plus regulatory/safety barriers — supports “insufficiently standardized for universal recommendations.”

13. DOI 10.1080/00103624.2011.638585

• IDENTITY: VERIFIED (identified). Jiménez S, Plaza BM, Segura ML, Contreras JI, Lao MT. 2012 (online first 2011). “Peat Substrate Reuse in Lilium ‘Helvetia’ Crop”. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 43(1-2):243–250.
• CLAIM-SUPPORT: YES. Reused peat (2 and 3 cultivation cycles) showed reduced coarse particle fraction, porosity, and organic matter and increased bulk density and C/N; flowers, stems, leaves, and dry/fresh matter unaffected.

14. Punja et al. 2019 — Front Plant Sci 10:1120

• IDENTITY: VERIFIED. Punja, Collyer, Scott, Lung, Holmes, Sutton. Exact tuple.
• CLAIM-SUPPORT: YES. Covers Fusarium (oxysporum, solani, brachygibbosum), Pythium spp., powdery mildew, Botrytis/Penicillium bud rots — the standard cannabis pathology foundation.

15. No Till Kings (anecdotal existence check)

• IDENTITY: VERIFIED. https://www.notillkings.com/ returns HTTP 200; page title reads “No Till Kings | OCal-Certified Indoor Cannabis Grown in Living Soil” with a 21+ age gate and “No Till Explained” navigation.
• CLAIM-SUPPORT: YES. Self-description matches exactly (indoor, living soil, OCal-certified cannabis brand). Anecdotal/commercial source, not scientific.

Sources (claim checks beyond Crossref/PMC)

• https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0929139326004129 (item 11)
• https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352186425001233 (item 12)
• https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00103624.2011.638585 (item 13)
• https://www.notillkings.com/ (item 15)